Shoulder Instability

Shoulder instability occurs when the structures that hold the shoulder joint in place — the labrum, ligaments, and capsule — are stretched or torn, allowing the humeral head to slip partially (subluxation) or completely (dislocation) out of the glenoid socket. It is a common problem in young, active individuals and athletes.

Types of Shoulder Instability

Anterior instability (the most common type) occurs when the shoulder dislocates forward, typically from a fall or collision with the arm abducted and externally rotated. A Bankart lesion — a tear of the anterior labrum — is the classic injury.

Posterior instability is less common and often associated with seizures, electric shock, or repetitive posterior loading. Multidirectional instability (MDI) involves laxity in multiple directions and is often seen in hypermobile individuals.

Treatment

First-time dislocations in older patients are often managed non-surgically with immobilization followed by a structured rehabilitation program to strengthen the rotator cuff and periscapular muscles.

Recurrent instability, especially in young athletes, typically requires surgical stabilization. Arthroscopic Bankart repair restores the labrum and capsule to the glenoid rim. For patients with significant bone loss, the Latarjet procedure provides more durable stability.

Common Symptoms

Shoulder giving way or feeling loose
Recurrent dislocations or subluxations
Apprehension with arm in certain positions
Pain with overhead activities
Feeling of the shoulder slipping out
Weakness and guarding with arm elevation

Treatment Options

Immobilization after acute dislocation
Physical therapy and rotator cuff strengthening
Arthroscopic Bankart repair
Capsular plication for MDI
Latarjet procedure for bone loss
Remplissage for Hill-Sachs lesions

Ready to Get Help?

Dr. Kinchelow specializes in treating shoulder instability. Schedule a consultation today.

Request Appointment (954) 635-5300